Lyceum & Book Club - Week 16 - Hand out - Time line for the Netherlands

57BC - The Roman Empire under Julius Caesar invades the southern Netherlands and takes control.

400 AD - The Romans are overthrown by Germanic tribes. Peoples such as the Saxons, Franks, Angles, and Jutes settle the land.

768 - Charlemagne becomes King of the Franks. His empire expands to include the Netherlands.

1083 - The name Holland first appears in a legal document describing a region that would later become known as the County of Holland.

1275 - Amsterdam is founded

1384 to 1482 - The Burgundian Period when most of the Netherlands was united under the rule of the Duke of Burgundy.

1482 to 1567 - The Habsburg Period when the region was ruled by the Habsburg Empire.

1516 - King of Spain, Charles V, inherits the Netherlands

1568 - The start of the Eighty Years' War when the Dutch, led by William I the Prince of Orange, revolted against the Habsburg Empire which was ruled by King Philip II of Spain.

1578 - Amsterdam abandons the Spanish and Catholic cause.

1579 - The Union of Utrecht unites the northern Low Countries.

1581 - The Dutch in the United Provinces declare their independence from Spain and the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands is established.

1602 - The Dutch East India Company is formed.

From Brittanica:

The attempt of the Spanish monarchs (who also ruled Portugal and its possessions from 1580 to 1640) to exclude Dutch merchants and shippers from the lucrative colonial commerce with East Asia led the Dutch to trade directly with the East Indies.

1609 - 1621 - The Twelve Years' Truce was the cessation of hostilities between the Habsburg rulers of Spain and the Southern Netherlands and the Dutch Republic as agreed in Antwerp on 9 April 1609.

1621 - Dutch West India Company formed

From Brittanica:

The West India Company, established in 1621, was built upon shakier economic foundations (than the Dutch East India Company); trade in commodities was less important than the trade in slaves, in which the Dutch were preeminent in the 17th century, and privateering, which operated primarily out of Zeeland ports and preyed upon Spanish (and other) shipping. The West India Company had to be reorganized several times during its precarious existence, while the East India Company survived until the end of the 18th century.

1630 - 1654 - The Dutch conquer Brazil.

1648 - The Eighty Years' War with Spain comes to an end with the Peace of Munster. The Dutch Republic is recognized by Spain as an independent country.

From 1648 up to 1700:

From Britannica:

Period marked by consolidation rather than continued expansion, under the impact of the revived competition from the other nations, notably England and France, whose policies of mercantilism were to a large degree directed against the near monopoly of the Dutch over the trade and shipping of Europe.

Although the Dutch tenaciously resisted the new competition, the long-distance trading system of Europe was transformed from one largely conducted through the Netherlands, with the Dutch as universal buyer-seller and shipper, to one of multiple routes and fierce competitiveness.

1652 - Jan van Riebeek reaches Cape Town,South Africa;The Dutch go to war against the English in the first Anglo-Dutch war.

1661 - Brazil is sold to Portugal.

1665 - 1667 - Second Anglo-Dutch war

1672 - 1674 - Third Anglo-Dutch war.

1688 - King William of Orange and Queen Mary become rulers.

1830 - Belgium rebels and breaks away forming its own country.